Translator for printing-telegraph systems.



J. B. WRIGHT.

TRANSLATOB. FOR PRINTING TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 22, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

ATTORNEY-9 Patented Mar.17,1 914.

J. E. WRIGHT.

TRANSLATOR FOR PRINTING TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 22, 1913.

1,090,367. Patented Mar.17,1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES 2: g u)\ 3* s W y-Ww.

ATTO N573 INVENTOH J. E. WRIGHT.

TRANSLATOR FOR PRINTING TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS.

4 1 9 1 m h 1 v a M m b H m a P am. M 1 2 2 A J D E L I F N O I T A 0 I L P P A 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

gL/yWE/VTOR ATTORNEYS WITNESSES J. E. WRIGHT. TRANSLATOR FOR PRINTING TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 22, 1913.

. Patented Mar. 17, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

WITNESSES v I l P ,1 511/105 o. f 3 /j/vu 1 15? 70 Anna M272 r m1 TED curios.

JOHN EDWARD wmen'r, or" rrr'r'smmen, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO .wnrenr TELEGRAIHIC DELAWARE.

rmnsm'ron FOR rmmxiwe rnnmnarn svsrnms.

Specification, of Letters rat-eat.- Patented Mar..- 17-, 1914. Application meau aar aa 1913. Serial No. 743,511. a

To all whom it may concern.

citizen of the United States, residing at Pittsburgh, county of Allegheny, and'Sta-te of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Translators for Printingilelegraph Systems, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

e In an application filed by me on December 9, 1912, Serial No. 735,682, I have shown a printing telegraph receiver in which the selection and printing of characters, spacing, paper feed and such other functions as are involved in the operation of a column printing vtelegraph instrument, are effected by means of electromagnetic devices, each having its special function and connected up with one of a plurality of circuits local to my improved translator.

Y the receiver.

the instrument, in such manner that each particular operation, or series of certain operations, results-from the completion of a corresponding circuit or' the simultaneous completion of two or more circuits. In the case of an instrument constructed on this principle, it is manifest that special provi sion must be made for the control of the numerous local or receiver circuits by the -minimum number ofline circuits, and my resent application is concerned with, and based upon, an instrument which may be called a translator, and which is employed as an element in a system of the kind described, intermediate tothe receiver and the line circuit and which operates in response to current [impulses of definite character. transmitted .over the line to complete the appropriate and corresponding circuits in The invention upon which this application is based resides in improvements in the construction of the translator and in cerpurposes of a more ready understanding thereof, reference will be made to the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification.

Figure 1 is a front View in elevation of Fig. 2 is a to? plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a simila; view, but with the upper portions of the parts removed to exhibfit the mechanism beneath. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation on line m-w of Fig. 1 looking toward the left. Fig.

, levers.

3, is a group of five flat bars 1 and 15 which have the following: special: *confcrmatio-n: At its right hand end each 0 d i 5 is a similar view on lines y-y. Fig. 6 is Be it known that I, JOHN E. WRIGHT, a.

'I'YPEWRITER'QOMPANY, OI YORK, N. Y., A GQBPQRATION a view in elevation of a detail of mechanism:

llig. 7 is a view Iinelevation and'part section of the instrument on line 2 -2. but

omitting the parts shown in Fig. 6. FigTS is a diagram of circuit connections. 3

The instrument is mounted on a base plate 1, having two rigid side p1ates2 and 3,

across which extends in front, an angle bar 4, and in the rear,'a bar or lplate 5. A bar 6 which also extends along t e base plate in front contains a series. of equi-distant slots or saw cuts in which the ends of a series said levers' 7 a spiral spring 8, secured at itsopposit'e end to a cross bar 9, is connected and operates to hold said lever'in engagement with a cross bar 10 normally defining the limit of. forward movement of the Extending across the device and sliding in suitable openings in the side bar has a projection 16 slotted at its ends to receive a steel wire spring 17 secured to the base plate 1, that tends to hold the bar in proper alinement and force it toward the left. Each bar along that portion which projects beyond the slde plate 2, contains a long notch, and at regular intervals in said notches studs 19 are placed in position to normally engage pivoted levers 18 and prevent the o-scillation thereof. The left hand ends ofthe said bars, which project be ond the side plate '3, with the exception 0 the middle bar 13, are bentor spread as shown in Fig. 1, to engage with a corresponding series of levers 30, the nature and purpose of which will be described later. Finally,

plates 2 and each bar along its forward edge contains a.

series of notches which occupy different positions in the respective bars, so that in the normal position of the group none of placed lever 7 to be drawn forwardto its full I extent. In other Words, the bars constitute a series of permutation racks or bars, which,

according to their relative adjustment, permit one of the levers 7 to be shifted into operative position.

The bars are moved or adjusted for this purpose by the cooperative action of fiveselecting magnets 22, 23, 24, and 26; a shifting or releasing magnet 27 and the intermediate mechanism illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 5. The selecting magnets are arranged in any convenient manner so that the armature lever of each may engage one of a series of five pins 28, sliding in arigidly supported block 29; These pins areso located as to engage corresponding pivoted levers 30, mounted in a frame which is adapted to slide in guides formed .in the supporting plate or frame 31 for the selecting magnets. v

The levers are normally',held out of engagement with the permutation bars by means of light-spiral springs 32, but when any of the selecting magnets is energized and its corresponding pin 28 forced forward, the lever 30, which is engaged thereby, is turned to bring its end into the path of its corresponding permutation bar, and retained in such position by one of a series of spring-actuatedlatches 33, Fig. 3, pivoted to the magnet supporting plate 31.

The magnet 27, preferably in the form of a solenoid, is provided with armature cores 34 carried by a reciprocating rod 35 mounted in suitable fixedbearings and equipped with a retractile spring 36. The said rod 35 is 'pivotally connected to an arm 37 rigid with a vertical rock shaft 38, an arm 39 from which is connected with and operates to oscillate the frame carrying levers 30.

Mounted on the base of the instrument in the rear of the parts described is a solenoid or magnet '40, the armature of which is spring seated by means of a rod 41 and a spiral spring 42. The armature yoke 97 is p'ivotally connected with a bell-crank lever 43, itself pivoted to a stud secured to the plate'or bar 5, and through such connection to the bar 10, by means of the connecting rod 44. The bar 10 is supported on a rock shaft 45 by arms 20, and is held in its normal or forward position by an arm or latch 46 extendingfrom a rock shaft 47 and actuated by a spiral spring 48. The bar 10 is forced to this position, if not already in it,

by .the operation of magnet 40, and released.

and permitted to swing back through a limited are by a device shown in Figs. 3 and 7. This latter consists of a bell-crank lever 49 pivoted to the plate 2. One arm of the said lever is connected with a sliding rod 98, having a connection, with provision for lost motion, with the armature of magnet 27, and by the reciprocation of said rod is oscillated, bringing its other end into engagement with mechanism as. are incidental tothe main 1 operation and which will be more readily understood in connection with the description of such operation, the above described parts constitute, in the main, that element of the system which may be considered asthe translator proper. I have already 6X- plained that the function of this device is to .control the various-circuits local to the receiver or printing mechanism, and it will be understood that the specific means by whichthe several elements of the instrument itself are operated to effect this result are in a large measure immaterial. As the device is constructed, however, it requires that current impulses be introduced to it through eight different paths, seven ofwhich may be designated .as line controlled circuits and which are as follows, viz., the five including the selecting magnets, 7 one including the magnet 27 and the last a special magnet 51 which has to do with a certain operation of the printing mechanism and will be more fully hereinafter described, and one which is a receiver controlled circuit and includes the magnet 40. In practice the current im gizing the clearing magnet 40, are derived from such a device as a sunflower disk at the transmitting station or one at the receiving end of the line operating synchro-' transmitter is shown and described as one pulses, with the exception of'those for ener- 22nd, 1913, Ser1al Number 743,512, such a of the elements of the system with which the instrument of this application is designed to be used, and the apparatus .referred to is not, for this reason illustrated herein. In so far, however, as the construction and mode of operation of the -instrument of my present application are concerned, the sunflower mentioned maybe entirely disregarded and eight independent line wires assumed which deliver current impulses in the proper J order to those circuitswin the translator above referred to asthe controlled circuits, For the more ready identification of the circuits in the instrument and their relation to corresponding circuits in the receiving and transmitting instruments respectively, the contact plates of Fig. 2 which are intended to be connected with the receiver terminals, are designated by the letters a to n, and those which are to be connected to line, or which constitute terminals of the controlled circuits, .by the letters 10 to v. The contact r by reference to Fig 7 plateskin Fi 2 counting from the left, 0'01. res 0nd wit the leads 52 to 76 inclusive of ig. 8, there being, however, one additional' late which may be disregarded.

vWith t 1s understanding the operation of the instrument will be readily understood The terminals 0 the instrument, as above stated, are designated by the numerals 52' to 76 inclusive, 'and. the proper connections are to be estabnshed between these and the terminals of the instruments controlling and controlled by the device.

Y coming in at terminal 52 energizes selecting magnet 22. Thearmature of this magnet forces inward its corresponding pin 28, and, engaging the lowermost of the series of levers 30, shifts its end into the path of the bottom bar 15, in which position it isheld by its latch 33. Following this action, an 25 Impulse of current. -,coming in at terminal 58, from the line instruments, energizes magnet 27 which efi'ects the following series of 0 erations: The bell crank lever 49 is 'tilte the arm 50 .raised and the arm 46 which holds the bar 10 in its forward or normal position is withdrawn, permitting that bar to swing backward, as herelnbefore de- 7 scribed. The rock shaft 38 is also turned with the result of shifting to the right the frame carrying leversBO, but as only the lowest lever is in the path of a'permutation bar, the corresponding bar, in this case that marked 15, alone will be shifted to the right.-

Each one of the series of levers 18, as abovest-ated, 1s normally confronted by one i of a series of studs on the respective permutation bars. The stud 19 on. bar 15, lies in,

the path of that lever 18, which is the first in the group, counting from right to left. By the movement of said bar, therefore,

above described, this stud will be shifted-to the right of the path of said lever and the latter thus permitted to swing forward into the notches in the pile of bars. As soon,

I however, as this forward movement occurs,

the stud engages with the right hand side of the lever, and retains the bar '15 in its shifted position, after the return of the levers 30 to their normal position on the interruption of the current lmpulse in magnet 27.

By the aforesaid movement of; the bar 15 the notches in the five bars opposltethe first or left handlever 7, are brought into alinement, and that lever alone of the entire series is permittedto complete its full swing into the opening thus provided.

All of the levers 7 are connected together electrically by the'frame of the machine and 'lated from the connected, respectively, to terminals 64, 65,

are grounded through the wires 79, 80 and 81, and the contact spring 82 on the armature of a magnet 83, the specific purpose of which will be described later. Facing each lever 7 is a movable contact 78 and a statlonary contact 77. In'the commercial instrument each stationar contact is mounted on a special plate, as sh from these the by insulated wires. The plan of connections is illustrated in Fig. 8, in which 84, 84", 84", and 84.represent metal plates insuframe of the machine and 66 and 67. The first four stationary contacts 77, countlng. from the left on each plate, are insulated from the plates but connected by insulated wires with special terminals, as shown in the diagram, as will be hereinafter explained. The fifth stationary contact on each plate is connected directly with the plate. A The movable terminals are adapted to be forced into contact with the plates by the movement of the lever 7. Plate 84' has no connection with any terminal.

own Fig. 2, and roper connections are made Having assumed above that the first lever 7, on the left, is permitted to swing on its pivotand thereb bring its two appropriate contacts 77 and be understood from the foregoing that the movable. contact 78 .is thereby connected through plate 84 with terminal 64, which controls that local circuit in the printer which, when energized, lifts the type-wheel through one line space. The stationary terminal 77 which is insulated from the frame of the. machine, is connected with terminal 60 which controls that local circuit in the printer which, when active, turns the typewheel through one stepor two character spaces. By the forward movement, therefore, of the first lever 7, which carries its 8 into engagement, it will ment with the stationary cont-act 7 7, two circuits, viz., from terminals 60 and 64 to ground will be rendered active, and, under the conditions assumed, that character will be printed which for its presentation to the printing position requires the typewheel to be turned one step, or through an arc includingtwo character spaces, and lifted one step, or through one line space.

The operations of the printer attendant upon and following the selection and printing of each character sends a current impulse back to the translator through the terminal 59 which includes in its circuit to the ground terminal 74, the magnet 40. This latter, when energized,- depresses one end of 'a lever 99 pivoted beneath the base plate 1,

as shown in Fig. 7, the other end of which level" raises aro-d 79 engaging with a frame 80 composed of right angle or bell-crank side levers with bars connecting their free ends. The upper bar of the frame is thus brought in contact with the levers l8 and forces out of engagement with bar 15 the ri ht hand lever. This releases the bar 15, which, by the action of the spring 17, engaging therewith, is forced back to its normal position.

Another operation effected by the magnet 40 is that of forcing forward the bar 10 through the instrumentality of the rod'44, whereupon it is engaged by the latch 46. and held in its forward position. .Thus, the function of magnet 40, which following every operation of the receiving or printing instrument brought about by the action of the translator, is energized by a receiver controlled circuit, clears the translator and leaves it in condition to respond to the next transmitted impulse or series of impulses.

Assume now, by way of illustration, that a series of impulses compose the signal received by the translator, for example, that an impulse is sent into each circuit from terminals 52, 53 and 54. This energizes magnets 22, 23 .and 24, and three bars 13, 14 and 15 will be shifted by the action of magnet 27. This results in a permutation of the notches in said. bars that permits the ninth lever 7, counting from the right, to

I counting from the right, to operate.

move forward. In this case the stationary contact 77 is grounded through its corresponding movable contact 78 and the lever 7, but as the movable contact has no connection with an other circuit, but acts merely as a bridge etween the stationary contact 77 and the lever 7, but one circuit, that to,

terminal 60, will be completed. This controls the receiver circuit that imparts a turning movement of, one step or two characterspaces to the type wheel.

In further illustration, assume that a given. signal sends impulses into the circuits from terminals 54 and 55, thus energizing magnets. 24, 25. The result of this will 'be to force the two permutation bars 12 and 13 forward, which permits the twelfth lev elr,

s lever, because its movable contact is electrically connected with the adjacent plate 84, closes two circuits, one to terminal 62 through the fixed stop 77, which imparts a turning movement of three steps or six character spaces to the type-wheel of the receiver, the other to terminal 67 through plate 84 that lifts it four steps. 7

It will thus be seen that any of the re- 7 ceiver controlling circuits to 73 inclusive,

may be completed by shifting one or more of the permutation bars and permitting the levers to close either one or two circuits,

as the case ma be, the selection of bars to be shifted depen ing upon the selecting magnet or magnets energized.

In the drawings of the apparatus there is shown in Figs. 3 and 6, an electro-magnet 51, with a spring actuated armature 87, having an extension 88, ada ted when depressed to engage with a shoul er on one arm of a.

spring actuated bell-crank lever 89 pivoted character space, inde endently of the mechanism that turns it t rou h one, two, three or four steps, each of w ich includes two character spaces. When a character is to be printed, therefore, which is in the, first on any other odd numbered vertical line on the type-wheel, a current impulse is sent into the circuit of this magnet either alone or in addition to impulses sent through any one or more of the select-ing magnets whereby the type-wheel will be lifted or turned through one .or more steps and shifted through one character space in addition, to bring the desired characterto the printing position.

The operation of the clearing magnet 40, which, as previously described, raises the rod 79, Fig. 7, lifts the latch arm of the bellcrank lever 89, and releases the armature of magnet 51 whenever the latter has been operated. The combination of this*shift magnet with the system of permutation bars herein described, results in a very great simplification of the instrument by practically doubling its capacity. For example, by closing the circuit of the magnet 51 the additional function of shifting the typewheel in the receiver through one character spac? is added to the functions of each lever g It will be observed that the operation of magnet .27 precedes, since it causes, the movement of the levers 7, which operate to close one or more circuits by bringing together contacts 77 and 78. From the nature of the levers and contacts a certain amount of vibration necessarily accomnarily result in objectionable sparking;

This I prevent by the use of a circuit controller which, when the magnet 27 is energized, will be operated and caused to break the ground connection of allof the levers 7. As the operationof the magnet is almost instantaneous, this ground connection will be broken for a correspondingly short time, but the interruption of the same is sufiicient to include the interval of harmful vibration of the levers 7 and the contacts operated thereby. It will also be understood that on the operation of the clearing magnet 40, which restores the levers 7 to normal position, the breaking of the circuit completed by the lever which has been called I into operation vented b groun I two operations re convenientl vin a/single' electrically'contro led mechanismas shown in Fig. 8. The magnet 83 '10 erations, mechanicalcircuit controllers for 74 may be such a device as shownin Figs.

' 'Jmoved by interrupted.-

v ted, it is applica le tov similar systems for ple, those in which thesignals are made 0" visible by the use of a receiver which dis- 6 usually designated as indicators,

82 in engagement with a contact (lint com- 15 a .7 a o 1 levers? to wires and 81, running to the 1, .usedif sodesir'ed. For example, a con-.

to "ground be. across the two members 92 systems, the combination with a series of rewouldbeattended by an ob- 'jectionable spatlr but this also ma be -'pre-' ding the circuit from levers 7 throng a condenser bridging abreak in said circuit. v Inpractice the devices-for efi'ecting these combined in that diagram is shown as provided with 'ivoted bar 95' j and a contact spring 82. ormally, the'bar 95 maintains the spring pletes the circuit from wire 79, 'le'ad gfrom grounded terminal 74, and a is connectedup bywire 96 which bridges the contacts Instead of using a single, electrically .ccntrolled device for the above described opc nd'enSerFSG inal75 accomplishing the same purpose may be troller for'interru ptin'g the circuit-atany point between the levers 7 and the-terminal 2 and 3, and whichis composed of a pivoted spring actuated; contact lever and a plunger rod'91 in thepath ofthe arm 37, so that when the magnet 27 is energized, the

ous, the return of its armature-allowsfthe contact lever 90 to immediately-return to So also for interrupting througha condenser on the operation of the closingmagnet 40 there may be combined with the armature yoke .97 of said magnet the circuit breaker shown in Fig. 1. This consists of an insulated spring plunger 92 which is normally in contact with a terminal'94 on an insulated arm 93 on the armature yoke. If the. path from levers 7 and 94, the instant that the armature is. the magnet, such circuit will be It will be understood that while I have described the invention as part of a printing telegraph system, by which term is specifically intended a system comprising a receivinginstrument adapted to print characte'rs correspondin to thesignals transmitthe transmission of intelligence, for examplays letters, numbers or words, and are What I claim is:

'1. In a translator for printing telegraph ceiver; controlling circuits and a series of cuit controllers, certain of w such circuits simultaneously, and/electroa spring retracted armature composed, of a Y ceiver controllin .ceiver circuits and others two of such circontact levers corresponding the action of said magnet.

line controlled circuits, of a .plllurality of cir- 'ch areadapted. whenoperate'dpto, complete single receiver circuits,- and others a plurality of magnetically' operated selecting devices"con-.-

nected with the line controlled circuits'for' bringing into operation the said vcircuit.

controllers correspondingto definite signals transmitted over the line.- 1

2. In a translatorfor' printing telegraph.

systems, the combination with a series of recontrolling levers, certain of which, when operated, complete single receivercircuits and, others two of such circuits simultane ou'sly, means connected with a line controlled circuit for operating said contact le-' ve'rs,-- and selecting magnets connected with; line controlled circuits for'determining the contact lever so operated, according to the Signal transmitted to the translator. I 3. In a translator for printing telegraph systems,.the combination with a series of re-f ceiver controlling circuits, and a series of line. controlled c1rcuits,of a series of mov able contact controlling levers, certain of circuits and a series-oi" iline controlled c1rcu1ts, of movable contact which" when operated complete single recuits simultaneously, a set 0f sliding permutation bars normally restraining all ofsaid contact controlling levers 'from.operation, an electro-magnet'ona line controlled. circuit for shifting thebars and selecting o magnets included in line"controlled circuits for determining the particular baror bars to be shifted to permit the operation of jthe transmitted to the translator.

. 1 4. In a. translator for-printing telegraph systems, the combination with a series of 'receiver controlling circuits and a series of line controlled circuits, of circuit controllers to the signals in the receiver circuits, selecting devices in the line controlled circuits for operating the circuit controllers accordmgto the signals transmitted over the'line, an electro-m'agnet in one of the line controlled circuits, and-a circuit controller in one of the receiver trolling circuits adapted to 5. In a translator for printing telegraph systems, the combination with a of 1:1 6 be. operated y receiver controlling circuits and a series-of km controlled GIIClllt-S, of circuit controllers in the receiver circuits, selecting devices in the line circuits for bringing the sameinto operation according tot-he character of the signals transmitted, a circuit breaker com- .12

mon to all of the receiver circuits and means controlled by a line'circuit for operating the same .to interrupt the receiver circuit for intervals during-which the circuit controllersare making. contact.

' systems, the combination with a series of- 6. In a translator for printing telegraph receiver controlling circuits and a series of line controlled circuits, of circuit controllers in the receiver circuits, selecting devices in the line circuits for bringing into operation the circuit controllers according to the character ofthe transmitted signals, a circuit breaker common to all of the receiver circuits, an electromagnet in a receiver controlled circuit for operating the same at the instant of the separation of the circuit controller contacts, and a condenser circuit in shunt to said circuit breaker.

7. In a translator for printing telegraph systems, the combination with a series of receiver controlling circuits, and a series of line controlled circuits, selecting devices in the line controlled circuits, circuit controllers in the receiver circuits operated thereby according to the character of the signals transmitted, a special shift-magnet receiver controlling circuit, and an electro-magnetic circuit controller therein included in a line controlled circuit actuated independentlyof the operation of the selecting devices.

8. In a translator for printing telegraph systems, the combination with a series of receiver controlling circuits and oscillating contact levers for controlling the same, of a series of notched permutation bars cooperating with said contact levers, means for sh fting one or more or all of said bars to bring notches into alinement at different points, a series of line controlled circuits,

electromagnets therein and means operated thereby for selecting the bar or bars to be shifted.

9. In a translator for printing telegraph systems, the combination with a series of receiver controlling and a series of line 0011- trolled circuits, of circuit controllers in the receiver circuits, means operated by the line circuits to select for operation the circuit controllers corresponding to predetermined signals transmitted over the line, a circuit breaker in a'circuit common to all of said circuit controllers, a ma et adapted to be energized by a line contro led and also by a receiver controlled circuit for operating said circuit breaker, and a condenser bridging the contacts of the circuitbreaker.

10. In a translator for printing telegraphs, the combination with line controlled selective magnets, of stops actuated thereby,

a means for locking the actuated stops in operative position, a line controlled magnet, receiver controlling mechanism selectively operated by said magnet according to the number and position of the actuated stops, and means for releasing the locked stops,

operated by the energizing of said magnet.

' 11. In a translator for printing telegraphs,

the combination with line controlled selec-- tive magnets, of stops actuated thereby, means for lockingthe actuated stops in operative position, a line cont-rolled magnet, receiver controlling mechanism selectively'operated by said magnet according to the number and position of the actuated stops, means for locking saidmechanism when brought to operative position, means for releasingthe locked stops dependent for operation on that of said magnet, and means for releasing the receiver controlling mechanism [dependent for operation on that of the receiver.

12. The combination of a series of line controlled magnets, stops as 30 adapted to be actuated thereby, latches 33 forlocking said stops in the position to which they may have been shifted by their respective magnets, a series of movable permutation plates,

stops, a line controlled magnet 27 for operating said plates by a movement of the series of stops, whereby the plates corresponding to the selectively actuated stops will be shifted, and means for releasing the locked stops by such movement.

14. The combinationof a series of line controlled magnets, stops as '30 actuated thereby, latches for locking said stops in the position to which theymay have been shifted by their respective magnets, a. series of movable permutation plates, a line controlled magnet 27 for setting the plates in positions determined by the selective stops that may have been actuated, means for locking the plates when brought to operative 7 position, means for releasing the stops de-' pendent for operation on that of the magnet 27, and means for releasing the plates dependent for operation on that of the receiver. i

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses;

' JOHN EDWARD WRIGHT. Witnesses:

M. Lawson D na, WM. BomnBER'. 

